Limited evidenceVitamins & minerals

Multimineral Complex

Broad mineral formulas sold without the vitamins. The trial evidence all comes from multivitamin-mineral products, and what it shows is small: no mortality effect, a trivial blood pressure change, a modest memory signal in older adults.

Evidence last reviewed: August 2026

What the science says

No effect on mortality Moderate evidence
A meta-analysis of randomized trials of daily multivitamin-mineral supplementation lasting at least a year, in independently living adults, found no effect on all-cause mortality in either direction.
Blood pressure change is trivial Limited evidence
A meta-analysis of 12 randomized trials found multivitamin-mineral supplements lowered systolic pressure by 1.3 mmHg overall. The effect existed only in a small subgroup with chronic disease (134 people) and not in 1,580 healthy participants, and there was no reduction in new hypertension across 22,852 people.
Small cognitive signal in older adults Moderate evidence
In the COSMOS trial, daily multivitamin-mineral supplementation gave a modest benefit for episodic memory and global cognition in adults over 60 — the pooled effect equivalent to about two years of cognitive aging. Those products contained vitamins as well as minerals.

Dosage & safety

Studied doseTypical formulas supply 50–100% of daily requirements for magnesium, zinc, selenium, copper, manganese, chromium and iodine, often with low calcium. There is no studied dose for mineral-only blends.

SafetyThe risk with broad blends is stacking: adding a multimineral to fortified foods and single-mineral supplements can push zinc, selenium, iodine or iron past safe limits. Iron-containing products are dangerous in overdose for children and unsuitable for men and postmenopausal women without a deficiency. Check for interactions with thyroid medication (calcium, iron, iodine) and antibiotics (zinc, calcium, magnesium). Minerals do not fix a poor diet.

Scientific references

Multivitamin-multimineral supplementation and mortality: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Macpherson H, Pipingas A, Pase MP — Am J Clin Nutr, 2013
Effects of Multivitamin and Multimineral Supplementation on Blood Pressure: A Meta-Analysis of 12 Randomized Controlled Trials
Li K, Liu C, Kuang X — Nutrients, 2018
Effect of multivitamin-mineral supplementation versus placebo on cognitive function: results from the clinic subcohort of the COcoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study (COSMOS) randomized clinical trial and meta-analysis of 3 cognitive studies within COSMOS
Vyas CM, Manson JE, Sesso HD — Am J Clin Nutr, 2024

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