← All supplements
Limited evidenceImmunity

Thymus Extract

A bovine glandular product based on the idea that thymus peptides can prime the immune system. The supporting trials are Italian paediatric studies from the 1980s and 1990s; nothing modern replaces them.

Evidence last reviewed: August 2026

What the science says

  • Old paediatric trials of thymomodulin Limited evidence

    A randomized trial in children with recurrent respiratory infections reported a preventive effect of thymomodulin, a calf thymus derivative. These studies are more than three decades old, small, single-country, and reported in ways that would not meet current standards.

  • Modern reviews cover different products Limited evidence

    A Cochrane review of immunostimulants for preventing exacerbations in chronic bronchitis and COPD found possible reductions in exacerbations but rated the evidence low quality, and the agents assessed are pharmaceutical bacterial lysates rather than over-the-counter bovine thymus supplements.

  • Oral peptides face a basic obstacle Limited evidence

    Thymic peptides are proteins, and swallowed proteins are digested. No trial has demonstrated that intact bioactive thymic peptides reach the circulation from an oral supplement.

Dosage & safety

Studied doseNo established dose. Labels commonly suggest 500 mg of bovine thymus tissue or concentrate daily.
SafetyBovine glandular tissue carries a theoretical risk of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy, so country of origin and sourcing controls matter. Products are not standardised and composition varies between brands. Avoid in autoimmune disease, during immunosuppressive therapy, after transplantation, and in pregnancy.

Scientific references

Where to buy

Referral link — this site may earn a commission on purchases.

Related in Immunity