Kutaja (Holarrhena)
Bark of Holarrhena antidysenterica, used in Ayurveda for dysentery and intestinal parasites. Its alkaloid conessine has real antimicrobial activity in the laboratory, but no human trial has been run.
Evidence last reviewed: August 2026
What the science says
- Antimicrobial and antiamoebic activity in vitro Limited evidence
Reviews of Holarrhena antidysenterica document antibacterial, antiamoebic and antidiarrhoeal effects of conessine and related steroidal alkaloids in cell and animal models.
- Development has not reached human trials Limited evidence
A 2026 review of conessine covering its ethnomedical roots and pharmacology describes formulation strategies still at the preclinical stage; no randomized trial of kutaja for diarrhoea is indexed in PubMed.
Dosage & safety
Studied doseTraditional use is 1–3 g/day of bark powder, or an extract per label. No clinically validated dose exists.
SafetyConessine is a pharmacologically active alkaloid with central nervous system activity in animals; high or prolonged doses have not been characterised for safety in people. Avoid in pregnancy and in children. Do not use it in place of proper treatment for diagnosed amoebiasis or giardiasis.
Scientific references
Where to buy
Referral link — this site may earn a commission on purchases.
Related in Gut health
- Probiotics Moderate evidence
- Psyllium Husk (fiber) Strong evidence
- L-Glutamine Limited evidence
- Oregano Oil Limited evidence
- Ginger Moderate evidence
- Inulin (Prebiotic Fiber) Moderate evidence